|
Main Directories, files of linux machine
/ root of drive
/bin all executable apps
/boot kernal, boot
/dev -possible devices
/etc
/root root The Unix superuser account (with user name "root" and user
ID 0) that overrides file permissions
/sbin system commands secondary applications and system binaries -not used by
user
/home home directories
/lib library files. Compiler
source data >compiler> makes file execuatable
compiler uses libraries ex: available codes for routine functions
this is like .dll file in Windows
/lost & found -stores lost file handles
/mnt .mount directory takes devices in /dev to mount at particular directory
/proc running processes are stored if needed
/export
TCP/IP ports
80 web
110 pop
28 stmp
21 ftp
23 telnet
mpre /etc/services command to see services
The "document root directory" for Apache web server
in Linux. The directory is /var/www/html
Inittab /etc/inittab is a very critical file, and it is 'dangerous' to
edit it unless you know
what exactly you are doing.
During the installation of Linux, towards the end, you are asked "Do you
want to
create a boot disk?" You MUST select "Yes", and create a boot floppy.
IF you have the boot floppy, you can easily revert to the saved inittab file.
You will NEVER be prompted for a password.
After you create a user, you have to type: passwd <username>
Killing a process example-sendmail
You first do ps aux | grep sendmail
Then you note down the PID number, which is in the first column
Then you do kill PID#
You can change the shell.
Try Ctrl-F1, F2, F3, etc
You should be able to switch shells.
Following are the steps to create a "Boot-Install" floppy for
Linux.
1. Place the CD in the drive of a Windows machine
2. Place a new, formatted floppy disk in the drive
3. Open up the "Command Prompt" or "DOS Shell"
4. Change directory (cd) to x:\dosutils where 'x' is the drive letter
of the CD ROM drive
5. Execute the program RAWRITE.EXE
6. You will be asked the drive letter of your floppy drive
7. You will be asked for the name of the 'Image file'. For this, you
enter:
\images\boot.img (Don't forget the first back slash)
8. The floppy disk will be created.
ssh -l ckoh IP This command to use ssh includes username-then you just type
password
Control-D -to logout to another user
Samba
To start Samba
Cd /etc/init.d
Cmb start
Go to /etc/rc.d
Ln -s /etc/initd.mb 535 samba -to create Samba file in /etc/rc.d file to load
Samba at startup.
./Ssamba stop
To see other machines, you need to modify /etc/hosts file
192.168.1.50 cklinux.cybermind.com
Modify /etc/sysconfig/network
Domainname=cybermind.com
Printing in linux
Run printtool to add printers
Printer takes data and converts it to a file printer can understand before
printing.
For Linux to Windows: test.txt > smb > prints file
In linux, the printer definition file is like a driver in Windows.
hda hda1 hda2 hda3 C: drive
hdb d: drive
hdc, hdc1, hdc2 linux drive, 3rd drive
/mnt/d hdb1
mount W95 drive mount -l vfat /d
mount -type to see all devices currently mounted
mount <device> <mount point-usually a directory>
mount -t then what file system you want to mount default is linux
Do NOT test connectivity using Ping. Just start up the browser in Linux, and
you should be able to surf the web.
Boot diagnosis:
If you want to do some diagnosis, type-in dmesg | more
and carefully read all the lines, you might see the specific error.
You can also see exactly what happened during boot up by the following:-
cat /var/log/messages | more
Networking: hostname:
Simply type hostname and press Return
It should display the host name.
If you want to change it, typ; hostname newname <Enter>
This will change the host name.
First of all, /etc/inittab is a very critical file, and it is 'dangerous' to
edit it unless you know what exactly you are doing.
Secondly, during the installation of Linux, towards the end, you are asked
"Do you want to create a boot disk?" You MUST select "Yes",
and create a boot floppy. I don't know you did this (may be, click, click,
click?)
Whenever you get stuck in Xwindows, and the desktop does not come up because
of video setting, all
you have to do is, press Ctrl - Alt - BackSpace
This will get you out of Xwindows and take you back to the shell prompt in
Linux.
The only reason why your Linux desktop is not coming up correctly, is the change
of Monitor.
There is a very simple way to resolve this.
After you logon as root, you have to run a program called 'xf86config'. When it
runs, you will be
asked a series of questions, all of which you have to answer. That's all.
Since you have never done this before, just call me tonight. I'll step you
through the process.
The simplest way to find the directory is:
ps -ef | grep http
You should be able to see the path "IF" your web server is up and
running.
If not, install the Apache RPM which is already there.
1. Type-in the command: adduser nick <press enter>
2. Type-in: passwd nick (typed in password) <press enter>
3. When you are prompted, type-in the password of your choice <press
enter>
4. You will be asked enter the password again - do so and <press enter>
That's it.
add user <username> creates user
passwd <username>
Don't use mail command-this communicates directly with mail daemon
mail -checks mail mail <email address> send mail
-v (verbose) to see what's here
Can use pico for mail body
daemon is continuously running program.
cntrl -l check mail with Pine mail program
> is directing command
TAB Use tab key to complete command
Use arrow keys:
^ Use up arrow to bring up previous command
v Use down arrow to go down in history of commands
history to see history of commands-you can scroll through with up and down arrows
|
